In the Spotlight

Troutman Pepper Locke’s Securities Investigations + Enforcement Practice

Our Securities Investigations + Enforcement practice has expanded significantly due to our recent merger, enhancing our capabilities nationwide, including in our San Francisco, Dallas, and New York offices. We counsel and defend clients throughout all stages of securities enforcement proceedings, representing a diverse range of clients, including major financial institutions, senior corporate executives, boards of directors, and various entities in the financial services industry. Our team handles investigations by regulatory bodies such as the SEC, FINRA, and the Department of Justice. Leveraging decades of experience and including former key government officials, we develop informed and effective strategies tailored to each client’s unique needs. To read more about our capabilities, please click here.

Team Member Spotlight:

Liz Frohlich, a partner in Troutman Pepper Locke’s San Francisco office, has extensive experience representing banks and securities broker-dealers in complex civil and criminal actions in federal and state courts, as well as in arbitration. She focuses on litigation involving asset-backed securities, including RMBS trustees in class, derivative, and individual actions. Additionally, Liz manages investor cases, trust instruction proceedings, National Fair Housing Act cases, and actions by municipalities and county recorder/mortgage electronic registration systems.

Liz provides strategic advice before and after litigation, ensuring a comprehensive approach to legal challenges. She excels in developing and executing legal strategies, establishing legal precedents, and coordinating defense strategies across multiple cases for consistency.

In the News:

Our team frequently comments on emerging trends and developments in the legal industry. Below are recent media quotes from our team members, offering insights and perspectives on current issues.

Jay Dubow was recently quoted in:

Mike Lowe was recently quoted in:


Webinars

  • Jay Dubow will be co-chairing an upcoming webinar with PBI focusing on the newest developments in the world of securities litigation.

    Title: Federal Securities Law Forum: SEC Enforcement & Private Litigation Developments 2025

    Date: Thursday, April 17 2025, 1:00 – 4:15 pm

    Register here
  • Jay Dubow, Sheri Adler, and Mary Weeks recently participated in a webinar titled Understanding the SEC’s Whistleblower Program: Protections, Enforcement, and Drafting Compliant Agreements hosted by MyLawCLE. The webinar focused on the SEC’s Whistleblower program and how it works. They discussed protections in place for whistleblowers and enforcement actions that the SEC had brought to discipline parties who impeded whistleblowers. The program also discussed best practices in drafting severance and employment agreements that protected employers while also safeguarding employees’ rights and not running afoul of SEC rules.

Podcast Updates

Navigating 2025: The SEC’s Evolving Role in Cryptocurrency Enforcement

By Ethan Ostroff, Alex Barrage, Joanna Cline, and Jay Dubow

In this episode of Crypto Exchange, Ethan Ostroff and Alexandra Barrage are joined by partners Joanna Cline and Jay Dubow to discuss the evolving landscape of the SEC’s enforcement actions involving cryptocurrencies.

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SEC Updates

First Circuit Questions Materiality in SEC’s Case Against Commonwealth Equity Services

By Jay Dubow and Ghillaine Reid

On April 1, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit vacated a summary judgment ruling in favor of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) against Commonwealth Equity Services, LLC, also known as Commonwealth Financial Network (Commonwealth). The case, which involved allegations of inadequate disclosure of potential conflicts of interest, was remanded for further proceedings.

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SEC Broadens Guidance on Accredited Investor Verification

By Robert Friedel, Thomas Rose, and Theodore Edwards

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has issued a no-action letter providing new interpretive guidance on the verification of accredited investor status in offerings conducted under Rule 506(c) of Regulation D, which may involve general solicitation or general advertising. In a significant liberalization of the SEC’s position since 2012, this new guidance allows issuers to rely on high minimum investment amounts, coupled with written representations from purchasers, as a reasonable step to verify accredited investor status. The no-action letter concurred that an issuer could reasonably conclude that it has taken reasonable steps to verify that a purchaser of securities sold in an offering under Rule 506(c) of Regulation D is an accredited investor if the investment involves minimum investment amounts of at least $200,000 for natural persons and at least $1 million for legal entities.

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4 Actions for Cos. as SEC Rebrands Cyber Enforcement Units

By Sadia Mirza, Casselle Smith, Charlene Goldfield, Jay Dubow, David Meyers, and Ghillaine Reid

On Feb. 20, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission announced the creation of the Cyber and Emerging Technologies Unit, which will replace the Enforcement Division’s previous Crypto Assets and Cyber Unit.

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SEC Expands Confidential Filing Options for Companies Submitting Draft Registration Statements

By Nicole Edmonds, Rakesh Gopalan, Joseph Cataldo, and Alexander Yarbrough

On March 3, 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) Division of Corporation Finance announced that it has expanded its confidential filing process for certain draft registration statements submitted for nonpublic review. Since 2012, many issuers have been able to confidentially submit draft filings to initially register a class of securities using certain registration statements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). Companies will now also be permitted to confidentially submit drafts of registration statements under the Securities Act of 1933 (Securities Act) for follow-on offerings, regardless of how much time has passed since their initial public offering (IPO). The SEC hopes this expansion will further promote capital formation, while maintaining important investor protections.

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SEC Reportedly Plans to Cut Regional Directors as Cost-Saving Measure

By Jay Dubow, Ghillaine Reid, and Nicole Giffin

According to news sources, including Reuters, on Friday, February 21, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reportedly informed regional directors at its 10 regional offices that it plans to eliminate their roles as part of cost-saving measures required by the new administration. The plan to remove the regional directors has not been made public at this time, but at least two anonymous sources reportedly spoke to Reuters about the announcement made on Friday.

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Data Brokerage Updates

New DOJ National Security Division Data Security Rules Take Effect on April 8: Is Your Organization Exposed?

By Peter Jeydel, James Koenig, David Navetta, and Laura Hamady

Under the Department of Justice’s (DOJ) “Preventing Access to U.S. Sensitive Personal Data and Government-Related Data by Countries of Concern or Covered Persons” rules (the Rules), allowing access outside the United States to certain types of sensitive personal data involving “countries of concern” may be restricted or prohibited beginning on April 8. See our previous advisory for more detail.

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Photo of Jay Dubow Jay Dubow

Jay co-leads the firm’s Securities Investigations + Enforcement Practice Group. He focuses his practice on complex business litigation, with a special emphasis on defending against shareholder derivative and securities class action litigation. He also represents clients involved in investigations by the U.S. Securities…

Jay co-leads the firm’s Securities Investigations + Enforcement Practice Group. He focuses his practice on complex business litigation, with a special emphasis on defending against shareholder derivative and securities class action litigation. He also represents clients involved in investigations by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities, and various self-regulatory organizations, including the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA). He also conducts internal investigations on behalf of clients. Such investigations have included allegations involving the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), whistle blower claims, financial fraud, and civil and criminal violations of various federal and state laws.

Photo of Ghillaine Reid Ghillaine Reid

Ghillaine co-leads the Securities Investigations + Enforcement Practice Group at Troutman Pepper. She focuses her practice on government and securities regulatory investigations, financial services litigation, commercial litigation, and corporate compliance. Drawing on her experience in government service and private practice, Ghillaine regularly represents…

Ghillaine co-leads the Securities Investigations + Enforcement Practice Group at Troutman Pepper. She focuses her practice on government and securities regulatory investigations, financial services litigation, commercial litigation, and corporate compliance. Drawing on her experience in government service and private practice, Ghillaine regularly represents corporations and individuals in investigations conducted by the Securities & Exchange Commission, the Department of Justice, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, and other government and regulatory agencies. Ghillaine has successfully defended several high profile SEC investigations and enforcement proceedings involving a wide range of significant issues, including insider trading, accounting fraud, market manipulation, and broker-dealer sales practice violations. Prior to entering private practice, Ghillaine was a Branch Chief and Staff Attorney in the New York Regional Office of the Securities & Exchange Commission’s Division of Enforcement, where she investigated and litigated a wide range of securities enforcement matters.

Photo of Sheri Adler Sheri Adler

Sheri advises boards, compensation committees, and companies on executive compensation matters. She designs and documents equity incentives, cash bonus arrangements, employee stock purchase plans, and deferred compensation plans. Sheri also negotiates individual contractual arrangements with C-suite executives, including employment, retention, change in control…

Sheri advises boards, compensation committees, and companies on executive compensation matters. She designs and documents equity incentives, cash bonus arrangements, employee stock purchase plans, and deferred compensation plans. Sheri also negotiates individual contractual arrangements with C-suite executives, including employment, retention, change in control, severance, and separation agreements.

Photo of Alexandra Steinberg Barrage Alexandra Steinberg Barrage

Alex draws on her experience as a former FDIC executive and comprehensive knowledge of bank regulations to advise a wide array of banks and technology companies. She is a sought-after advisor on complex supervisory, regulatory, payments, and transactional issues.

Photo of Domenic Cervoni Domenic Cervoni

Domenic has extensive experience managing multifaceted legal challenges. Drawing from his in-house experience, he provides strategic and efficient service with a focus on achieving his clients’ business objectives.

Photo of Joanna Cline Joanna Cline

Joanna’s practice includes a variety of commercial and corporate matters, with notable experience in handling disputes over stock and asset purchase agreements, alleged breaches of fiduciary duty, information rights, securities litigation, restrictive covenants, general contract litigation, fraud, RICO, and antitrust.

Photo of Nicole Edmonds Nicole Edmonds

Drawing on her executive level in-house and regulatory experience, Nicole consistently delivers sound, risk-based practical solutions to our clients’ most pressing problems.

Photo of Seth Erickson Seth Erickson

Seth represents clients in a wide variety of complex disputes, including insurance, securities, privacy, bankruptcy, and other commercial litigation. Seth has successfully litigated cases in trial and appellate courts across the country, and he has first-chair jury trial experience and first-chair arbitration experience

Seth represents clients in a wide variety of complex disputes, including insurance, securities, privacy, bankruptcy, and other commercial litigation. Seth has successfully litigated cases in trial and appellate courts across the country, and he has first-chair jury trial experience and first-chair arbitration experience before FINRA. Seth also investigates securities and privacy disputes, and advises clients on coverage issues under directors and officers, cyber, and employment practices liability policies.

Photo of Robert Friedel Robert Friedel

Bob advises public and private companies as well as venture capital, private equity and investment funds on a variety of securities, corporate governance and transactional matters. His deep knowledge of the securities regulations allows him to counsel clients through complex securities law issues…

Bob advises public and private companies as well as venture capital, private equity and investment funds on a variety of securities, corporate governance and transactional matters. His deep knowledge of the securities regulations allows him to counsel clients through complex securities law issues, including public and private offerings, periodic reporting and disclosures, stock exchange listing requirements and other compliance matters.

Photo of Liz Frohlich Liz Frohlich

Liz represents U.S. and international companies in their most critical commercial and financial services disputes.

Photo of Rakesh Gopalan Rakesh Gopalan

Rakesh guides public and private clients through the complexities of their key securities and corporate governance matters, as well as complex technology transactions. He draws from a deep understanding of the capital markets and regulatory landscape to help clients advance their business objectives

Rakesh guides public and private clients through the complexities of their key securities and corporate governance matters, as well as complex technology transactions. He draws from a deep understanding of the capital markets and regulatory landscape to help clients advance their business objectives while mitigating risk.

Photo of Peter Jeydel Peter Jeydel

Pete helps clients navigate today’s increasingly complex regulatory and enforcement environment at the intersection of national security, international trade, finance, and technology. He works with clients to identify innovative solutions to business problems arising from these often daunting and highly technical regulations, based

Pete helps clients navigate today’s increasingly complex regulatory and enforcement environment at the intersection of national security, international trade, finance, and technology. He works with clients to identify innovative solutions to business problems arising from these often daunting and highly technical regulations, based on a clear understanding of the government’s expectations and priorities.

Photo of James Koenig James Koenig

Jim co-chairs the firm’s Privacy + Cyber Practice Group. For the past ten years, he has represented global clients in the financial services, energy, retail, pharmaceutical/health care, cable, telecommunications, car rental, airline, social media, technology, and manufacturing industries, including 35% of Fortune 100-listed companies.

Photo of Michael S. Lowe Michael S. Lowe

As a seasoned former federal prosecutor in Philadelphia and Los Angeles, Michael provides unique insights and practical guidance to clients facing investigation or prosecution for allegations of fraud and other financial crimes and civil False Claims Act suits. Michael is experienced in the

As a seasoned former federal prosecutor in Philadelphia and Los Angeles, Michael provides unique insights and practical guidance to clients facing investigation or prosecution for allegations of fraud and other financial crimes and civil False Claims Act suits. Michael is experienced in the NIL and higher education space. He currently represents an NCAA Division I athletic conference in connection with the settlement of the House antitrust litigation, as well as NIL issues and conference policies and procedures. He also has provided advice to an NCAA Division I university in connection with NIL and has experience with investigations of potential NIL violations. In addition to representing clients in this area, Michael frequently writes, speaks, and presents on cutting-edge NIL issues.

Photo of Tim Mast Tim Mast

Tim Mast has over 25 years of experience litigating complex business disputes in state and federal courts across the country.  He regularly represents companies and their officers and directors in litigation arising out of public disclosures, securities offerings, financing transactions and mergers and…

Tim Mast has over 25 years of experience litigating complex business disputes in state and federal courts across the country.  He regularly represents companies and their officers and directors in litigation arising out of public disclosures, securities offerings, financing transactions and mergers and acquisitions, including securities class actions, shareholder derivative litigation, ERISA class actions and post-closing disputes related to working capital adjustments, earn-outs and breaches of representations and warranties.

Photo of Sadia Mirza Sadia Mirza

Sadia leads the firm’s Incidents + Investigations team, advising clients on all aspects of data security and privacy issues. She is the first point of contact when a security incident or data breach is suspected, and plays a central role in her clients’

Sadia leads the firm’s Incidents + Investigations team, advising clients on all aspects of data security and privacy issues. She is the first point of contact when a security incident or data breach is suspected, and plays a central role in her clients’ cybersecurity strategies.

Photo of David Meyers David Meyers

Dave counsels senior executives, directors and public company boards and committees on corporate governance, securities regulation, securities offerings, mergers and acquisitions, and other major transactions. He regularly advises public companies on compliance with all federal securities laws, including Sarbanes-Oxley and NYSE/Nasdaq matters. In…

Dave counsels senior executives, directors and public company boards and committees on corporate governance, securities regulation, securities offerings, mergers and acquisitions, and other major transactions. He regularly advises public companies on compliance with all federal securities laws, including Sarbanes-Oxley and NYSE/Nasdaq matters. In addition, he assists companies with public disclosures and the drafting and filing of related documents. Dave counsels clients in a broad range of industries, including energy, manufacturing, retail and logistics.

Photo of David Navetta David Navetta

David advises clients on all aspects of technology and data law, including data privacy, information security, artificial intelligence (AI), financial reporting, data governance, technology-related transactions, and data monetization and use.

Photo of Ethan G. Ostroff Ethan G. Ostroff

Ethan’s practice focuses on financial services litigation and compliance counseling, as well as digital assets and blockchain technology. With a long track record of successful litigation results across the U.S., both bank and non-bank clients rely on him for comprehensive advice throughout their

Ethan’s practice focuses on financial services litigation and compliance counseling, as well as digital assets and blockchain technology. With a long track record of successful litigation results across the U.S., both bank and non-bank clients rely on him for comprehensive advice throughout their business cycle.

Photo of Megan Rahman Megan Rahman

Megan represents clients in high-stakes government investigations and litigation. Clients rely on her responsive and proactive approach to effectively anticipating and resolving challenges.

Photo of Thomas Rose Thomas Rose

Tom has helped U.S. and international businesses, issuers, and investment banks negotiate and close billions of dollars in cross-border financings and merger and acquisition transactions, which includes multiple deals recognized as the “Deal of the Year” in their respective industries. For Tom, teamwork

Tom has helped U.S. and international businesses, issuers, and investment banks negotiate and close billions of dollars in cross-border financings and merger and acquisition transactions, which includes multiple deals recognized as the “Deal of the Year” in their respective industries. For Tom, teamwork is the essential ingredient for success in complex deals.

Photo of Michael A. Schwartz Michael A. Schwartz

Mike focuses his practice in the areas of criminal defense and counseling, defense of False Claims Act and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act matters, internal corporate investigations, corporate compliance programs, corporate monitorships, and First Amendment matters.  Mike has significant experience in the pharmaceutical and…

Mike focuses his practice in the areas of criminal defense and counseling, defense of False Claims Act and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act matters, internal corporate investigations, corporate compliance programs, corporate monitorships, and First Amendment matters.  Mike has significant experience in the pharmaceutical and medical device, health care, construction, and government contracting industries.

Photo of Casselle Smith Casselle Smith

Casselle counsels individuals and entities in high-stakes matters across a variety of sectors and routinely represents clients in connection with allegations of wrongdoing that have enterprise-wide implications and the potential for catastrophic reputational harm.

Photo of Peter Villar Peter Villar

Peter Villar was recognized in 2021 as a Best Lawyer in America in the areas of Business and Securities litigation. He is a seasoned trial attorney who has successfully tried and defended dozens of high-stakes commercial disputes across the country including several of…

Peter Villar was recognized in 2021 as a Best Lawyer in America in the areas of Business and Securities litigation. He is a seasoned trial attorney who has successfully tried and defended dozens of high-stakes commercial disputes across the country including several of the largest cases in the Central District of California involving billions of dollars in alleged damages. Peter represents companies across a wide spectrum of industries including private equity, technology, aerospace, apparel, manufacturing, energy, finance, life sciences, and real estate, and has litigated claims of securities fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, unfair competition, racketeering, conspiracy, theft of trade secrets, trademark infringement, copyright infringement, and all forms of contractual disputes. Peter has extensive experience defending companies, broker-dealers, accounting firms, and financial institutions in lawsuits arising out of the purchase or sale of securities as well as investigations and enforcement actions by the SEC, PCAOB, FINRA, and other regulatory agencies.

Photo of Mary Weeks Mary Weeks

Mary Weeks represents corporations and their directors and officers in complex commercial and securities litigation. Clients turn to her for guidance when facing allegations of fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, or corporate governance disputes.

Photo of John West John West

Handling all phases of government and internal investigations, John West advises clients on regulatory compliance matters. Providing strong strategic and practical advice, he has particular experience in matters involving government contractors, the False Claims Act, and the alcoholic beverage industry.

Photo of Laura Hamady Laura Hamady

Laura serves as counsel in the firm’s Privacy + Cyber practice. She brings more than 15 years of experience in privacy and cybersecurity related matters. Laura is an industry-experienced privacy leader and has served in senior privacy leadership positions at a variety of…

Laura serves as counsel in the firm’s Privacy + Cyber practice. She brings more than 15 years of experience in privacy and cybersecurity related matters. Laura is an industry-experienced privacy leader and has served in senior privacy leadership positions at a variety of large companies across various industry spaces, including Twitter, Visa, PayPal, Chronicle (a Google company), Groupon, Levi’s Takeda Pharmaceuticals, and more.

Photo of Brian Nichilo Brian Nichilo

Brian’s law enforcement and audit experience give him a unique perspective on government enforcement actions and internal investigations.

Photo of Joseph Cataldo Joseph Cataldo

Joe is an associate in the firm’s Corporate practice, counseling clients on a range of transactional matters, including mergers and acquisitions, venture financing, securities transactions, and general corporate governance.

Photo of Alyssa Cavanaugh Alyssa Cavanaugh

Alyssa is an associate in the firm’s White Collar + Government Investigations practice.

Photo of Theodore Edwards Theodore Edwards

Theodore counsels registered funds, private funds, their managers and sponsors in connection with organizational, offering, transactional, and compliance matters. He regularly works with a variety of different fund structures, including open-end and closed-end funds, private equity and hedge funds. Theodore also counsels investment…

Theodore counsels registered funds, private funds, their managers and sponsors in connection with organizational, offering, transactional, and compliance matters. He regularly works with a variety of different fund structures, including open-end and closed-end funds, private equity and hedge funds. Theodore also counsels investment advisers on various matters, particularly with respect to registration and disclosure issues. He has significant experience with investment company status issues under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

Photo of Nicole Giffin Nicole Giffin

Nicole represents corporate and individual clients in high-stakes government investigations, enforcement actions, and internal investigations. She also works closely with clients to mitigate regulatory and litigation risks and strengthen their compliance programs.

Photo of Charlene Goldfield Charlene Goldfield

Charlene has built a robust career in national security and cybersecurity law, with extensive experience in both the federal government and academia. She applies a deep understanding of the government’s approach to enforcement to help clients understand and navigate the complexities of regulatory…

Charlene has built a robust career in national security and cybersecurity law, with extensive experience in both the federal government and academia. She applies a deep understanding of the government’s approach to enforcement to help clients understand and navigate the complexities of regulatory compliance. Charlene advises both domestic and international clients from a diverse range of industry sectors.

Photo of Sophia Harmelin Sophia Harmelin

Sophia is an associate in the firm’s Business Litigation practice. She received her law degree from Temple University Beasley School of Law with a Certificate in Trial Advocacy and Litigation, where she was a co-president of the Women’s Law Caucus, vice president of

Sophia is an associate in the firm’s Business Litigation practice. She received her law degree from Temple University Beasley School of Law with a Certificate in Trial Advocacy and Litigation, where she was a co-president of the Women’s Law Caucus, vice president of the Jewish Law Student Association, a staff editor of Temple Law Review, a member of the Student Bar Association Board of Governors, and a Rubin Public Interest Law Honor Society scholar. Sophia received her bachelor’s degree from the University of Florida, cum laude.

Photo of Isabela Herlihy Isabela Herlihy

Isabela is an associate in the firm’s White Collar + Government Investigations Practice Group. As a legal intern at the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, Isabela researched and drafted memoranda on legal issues regarding free speech and due process in higher education…

Isabela is an associate in the firm’s White Collar + Government Investigations Practice Group. As a legal intern at the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, Isabela researched and drafted memoranda on legal issues regarding free speech and due process in higher education and assisted the Individual Rights Defense Program team in writing and editing legal correspondence to students, professors, and campus groups whose civil liberties have been violated.

Photo of LA Kuykendall LA Kuykendall

Laura Anne (LA) counsels individuals and companies responding to allegations of regulatory and criminal wrongdoing and advises them in connection with navigating these high-stakes matters throughout the investigatory, enforcement, and litigation process.

Photo of Taylor Williams Taylor Williams

Taylor is an associate in the firm’s Corporate practice. She represents clients in private investment transactions, mergers, and acquisitions. She has successfully completed buy-side and sell-side transactions in sales and acquisitions of both equity and assets in a wide range of industries. She…

Taylor is an associate in the firm’s Corporate practice. She represents clients in private investment transactions, mergers, and acquisitions. She has successfully completed buy-side and sell-side transactions in sales and acquisitions of both equity and assets in a wide range of industries. She also has experience counseling clients in general corporate governance and organizational structuring.

Photo of Alexander Yarbrough Alexander Yarbrough

Alex provides strategic advice and counseling to clients engaged in both the public and private markets regarding capital raising transactions, M&A, and corporate and SEC compliance matters. Clients value his commitment and dedication in ensuring that deals are finalized.