In Sztrom v. SEC, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia confirmed that the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2024 decision in SEC v. Jarkesy, which curtailed the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) ability to seek civil penalties in its administrative forum, does not eliminate the agency’s long-standing ability to pursue industry bars through administrative follow-on proceedings. The opinion underscores that, even after Jarkesy and other recent limits on agency power, the SEC may still use its in-house process to determine whether to bar previously enjoined defendants from the securities industry, with independent review limited to the courts of appeals.

On March 11, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) that both agencies describe as “historic.” The MOU is intended to reset the relationship between the agencies by reducing turf battles, avoiding duplicative regulation, and providing clearer, technology-neutral oversight — particularly in markets where securities and derivatives regimes overlap, including crypto. While it does not change either agency’s statutory authority, it creates a formal framework for coordination that will materially affect how policy, examinations, and enforcement play out in practice.

In a recent decision, the Delaware Court of Chancery held on summary judgment that a borrower’s grant of a security interest in substantially all of its assets, including its rights under a license agreement, constituted an “assignment” or “transfer” of such rights that triggered the license agreement counterparty’s contractual right of first negotiation (ROFN) and right of first refusal (ROFR). The decision has implications beyond the pharmaceutical licensing context in which it arose, and should prompt careful review of transfer restriction provisions in any agreement where a party may later seek to pledge its contractual rights as collateral.

On December 5, 2025, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) issued OCC Bulletin 2025-45, “Commercial Lending: Venture Loans to Companies in an Early, Expansion, or Late Stage of Corporate Development,” which rescinds OCC Bulletin 2023-34, “Commercial Lending: Venture Loans to Companies in an Early, Expansion, or Late Stage of Corporate Development.” The OCC’s message in issuing the new bulletin to replace the prior bulletin is straightforward: the agency does not want to discourage prudent venture lending. At the same time, it expects banks to recognize that venture loans carry materially higher default risk than conventional commercial loans and to manage that risk through disciplined underwriting, realistic risk ratings, and appropriate reserves.[1]

On March 5, 2026, the IRS issued proposed regulations (the Proposed Regulations) setting forth an alternative process for digital asset brokers to obtain consent from customers to receive Form 1099-DA statements electronically. This alternative process provided in the Proposed Regulations is meant to alleviate administrative tax compliance burdens for digital asset brokers. The IRS and Treasury also issued Notice 2026-4, requesting public comments on whether (i) less burdensome consent procedures should be implemented for other payee statements, including Form 1099-B, and (ii) the list of forms permitted on a Form 1099-B composite statement should include Form 1099-MISC for the purpose of reporting “staking rewards,” (i.e., additional units of cryptocurrency granted in exchange for holders locking up assets held in native cryptocurrency to help validate and secure the blockchain).

On February 11, the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) released a proposed rule to implement the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act (the GENIUS Act) for federally insured credit unions (FICUs). Under the proposal, credit unions cannot issue payment stablecoins directly. Instead, only NCUA‑licensed “permitted payment stablecoin issuers” (PPSIs) that are subsidiaries of FICUs would be allowed to issue payment stablecoins, and FICUs would be limited to investing only in PPSIs licensed by the NCUA.

James Stevens, partner and co-leader of Troutman Pepper Locke’s Financial Services Industry Group, was quoted in a recent S&P Global Market Intelligence article by Zoe Sagalow and Lauren Seay, “Regulators Rarely Give Credit Unions Full-Weighting in Bank M&A Reviews.” The article examines how federal bank regulators treat credit unions in competitive analyses for bank mergers, including when and how those institutions are counted as “significant competitors” and how their deposits are weighted relative to banks and thrifts.

2025 was another consequential year in the consumer finance industry. On the federal level, President Donald Trump started his second term in January 2025 and since then has led an unprecedented rollback of federal agency oversight, impacting everything from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau to the Federal Trade Commission. State legislatures, regulators, and attorneys general moved quickly to fill the resulting void.

Today, the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) Division of Enforcement announced significant updates to its Enforcement Manual, the first comprehensive revision since 2017. These changes, which will now be reviewed annually, are designed to promote greater fairness, transparency, and efficiency in SEC investigations and enforcement actions.